托福词汇- 学科词汇之植物类
触过托福的同学应该都知道,在托福阅读或听力讲座中,涉及的学科范围很广,主要分为生命科学、人文科学、自然科学、社会科学四个大类,这四个大类下面分别还有一些小的类别。这让不少同学对这种专业性较强的文章一直是“闻风丧胆”,以至于发出这样的感慨“这些专业性较强的文章,中文我都不一定会,还要用英文去理解,真是难为我胖虎了”。
而托福的文章内容就真的这么晦涩难懂吗?其实还真不是,要知道,托福作为一个英语语言测试,是不会涉及到太深奥的学科知识的,可以说只要你具备基本的信息获取和理解能力,对于文本信息内容的理解就不在话下。但为什么大家还是会觉得难呢?其中一个原因就在于,这些讲座中的部分学术词汇日常比较少见,对它们的意思和读音都不够熟悉,这些单词要是都没有见过听过,就更不用说是是全文的深度理解了。
为了帮助各位考生突破学术背景词汇带来的理解困难,下面给大家总结了生命科学类中植物学的学科词汇及读音、含义,赶紧动脑记下来吧。
植物学学科词汇
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Flora /ˈflɔ:rə/ n 植物,植物界
示例考题29 Listening Lecture 1
There's a link between biodiversity and pedodiversity, an obvious relationship between soils and flora and fauna
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Botany/ˈbɑ:təni/ n植物学
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Botanical /bəˈtænɪkl/ n植物学的
“植物学”这个词,来源于法语的botanique,这里插播一个小故事,在澳大利亚有个海湾,就是以botany这个词命名的。
这个海湾以丰富多样的植物种类让17世纪初登澳大利亚的欧洲殖民者大为惊叹而得名Botany Bay。
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Plant/plænt/ n植物
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alpine/ˈælpaɪn/ plant 高山植物
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marsh/mɑ:rʃ/ plant 沼泽植物
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host/hoʊst/ plant 宿主植物
示例 考题48 Listening lecture 3
And it always makes its way back to the host plant to feed, guided by the ants, the ant escort service, so to speak.
针对某一株植物的不同部分进行细分,大家则可以看下面的图片:
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Shoot system 茎叶系统
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Flower /ˈflaʊə(r)/ 花
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Lateral bud 侧芽
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Vegetative shoot 营养枝
示例考题1 Listening Lecture 4
vegetative parts of a plant's herbs and the flowers the marmots like to eat.
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Node /noʊd/ 茎节(叶子或者树枝从主茎杆长出的地方)
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Internode /ɪnˈtɜ:noʊd / 节间(两个茎节之间的部分)
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Leaf /li:f/ 叶子
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Stem /stem/ 茎
示例考题19Listening Lecture 3
carrying it down the leaves through the stems and into the roots.
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Root system 根系
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Taproot /ˈtæpru:t/ 主根
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Lateral branch roots 侧向支根
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Crown /kraʊn/ 树冠
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Twig /twɪg/ 细枝,嫩枝
示例 考题20Listening Lecture 4
The hare actually has abundant food in the small twigs it finds.)
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Branch /bræntʃ/ 树枝
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示例 考题32 Listening Conversation 2
scientists found evidence that ancient people had been harvesting thebranches from pistachio and almond trees
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Fruit /fru:t/ 果实
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Foliage / ˈfoʊliɪdʒ/ 枝叶(总称)
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Trunk /trʌŋk/ 树干
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Roof hairs 根须
那了解完单一植物的各部分,我们再来看看不同的植物类型和植物的栖息地:
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Shrub /ʃrʌb/ n灌木
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示例 考题 8 Listening Lecture 1
They clearly prefer hard wood forests with dense shrubs, bushes underneath the trees.
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Herb /hɜ:rb; hɜ:rb/ n草本植物
示例考题18 Listening Lecture 3
Technically speaking, a spice is part of an aromatic plant that is not a leaf orherb.
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Fern n蕨类植物
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Algae /ˈælgi:/ 藻,海藻
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Forest /ˈfɔ:rɪst; ˈfɑ:rɪst/ n森林;林区
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Meadow /ˈmedoʊ/ n草地,牧场
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Prairie /ˈpreri/ n大草原,牧场
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示例考题4 Reading Passage 1
The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country.
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Wetland /ˈwetlənd/ n湿地,沼泽地
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Bog /bɔ:g/ n沼泽,泥塘
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Tundra /ˈtʌndrə/ n冻原,苔原(树木不生,底土常年冰冻的北部地区
示例 考题36 Reading Passage 1
Thus prairies and tundra regions, which have characteristic vegetations, also have characteristic soils.
除此之外,还有很多和植物学息息相关的词汇,继续往下看哦~
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Photosynthesis /ˌfoʊtoʊ ˈsɪnθəsɪs/ n光合作用
示例考题9 reading Passage 3
The algae capture the sun's energy by photosynthesis and store it in organic molecules.
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Symbiosis /ˌsɪmbaɪˈoʊsɪs/ 共生(关系)
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Log /lɔ:g; lɑ:g/ n原木
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Timber /ˈtɪmbə(r)/ n木材,木料
示例考题25 Reading Passage 2
The step from buying foreign timber to buying foreign ships was regarded as a short one.
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Nectar /ˈnektə(r)/ n 花蜜
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Pollen /ˈpɑ:lən/ n花粉
示例考题32 Reading Passage 3
they gather nectar and pollen from a wide variety of flowers.
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Pollinate /ˈpɑ:l əneɪt/ v授粉;传粉
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Pollination / ˌpɑ:l əˈneɪʃn/ n授粉;传粉
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Cross-breed v使杂交;杂交繁育
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Sprout /spraʊt/ v发芽;抽芽;抽条;生长
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Shoot /ʃu:t/ n幼苗;嫩芽;新枝
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Shell /ʃel/ v给…去壳
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Cluster /ˈklʌstə(r)/ n(同类物丛生或聚集的)簇,团,束,串
示例 考题45 Reading Passage 2
dense cylindrical clusters of small, petalless flowers.