雅思题型千变万变，唯考点逻辑不变

　　备考A类雅思阅读的同学，总会有一种题型过多的感觉。确实，雅思阅读的考题从题型分类来看的话，有填空也有选择，而其中，这两类题型又可以被细分为填空—sentence completion, short-answer questions, table/ diagram/ flow-chart, summary completion 和 note completion; 选择-TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN, multiple choices, information containing 和 list of headings。也难怪考生们常常觉得备考阅读是一个头两个大。

　　那么为了达到轻松备考的目的，笔者常在思考一个问题，那就是有没有一种方法能够使得繁杂的备考知识点变“简单”?关于这个问题，最后的结论是，考生们若想简化备考思路，那么，抓住核心要点是关键。今天的让我们从一种逻辑关系开始讲起----并列关系，了解了这一逻辑要点，考生们会觉得即便题型在千变万化，考点逻辑实际上是不会产生大的差异的。

　　说起并列关系，其实它有很多的别名，它或被称为平行结构，其实是表现知识点之间的并列逻辑。让我们先来细细了解一下并列关系的定义：

　　并列关系，又称Parallel relationship，指的是“在同一属概念之中存在同层次的种概念。这些种概念之间存在并列关系。这样的同层次表达并列其实是隶属于数理科学，也是隶属于逻辑学范畴之下考核的概念。分了。

　　听起来是不是有些深奥?不用紧张，让我们先来了解一下学习这一逻辑关系需要掌握的常见表达，可以有助于帮助大家建立更加直观层面的认识。

　　当并列关系需要在同一句子中得以体现时，在雅思考试的卷面上，考生们会看到：

　　1)A and B

　　2)A as well as B

　　3)not only A, but also B

　　当并列关系需要涉及两句连续的语句时，在雅思考试的卷面上，也会出现如下几种状况

　　1)S1+V1+O1. Besides, S2+V2+O2

　　2)S1+V1+O1. In addition, S2+V2+O2

　　3)S1+V1+O1. S2 also+V2+O2

　　下面，就让我们来看一看上述情况所涉及的真实考题案例：

　　示例一：Sentence Completion中的并列关系

　　真题来源为Cambridge 10 Test 2 Passage 2，题目标题是 Gifted children and learning

　　23 One study found a strong connection between children`s IQ and the availability of_______and_______at home.

　　24 Children of average ability seem to need more direction from teachers because they do not have_______.

　　25 Metacognition involves children understanding their own learning strategies, as well as developing_______.

　　26 Teachers who rely on what is known as_______often produce sets of impressive grades in class tests.

　　解析：

　　在23题中 “_______and_______”体现了并列，正如在25题中“learning strategies, as well as developing_______”也体现出了并列结构。根据这一思路，注意在原文中进行定位的时候，不难看出，在原文A段落，考生们可以利用“The higher the children`s IQ scores, especially over IQ 130, the better the quality of their educational backup, measured in terms of reported verbal interactions with parents, number of books and activities in their home etc.”一句中“books and activities in their homes”所体现出的并列关系一致性得出答案应为 books, activities。

　　类似的，在原文B段落，考生们可以利用“To be at their most effective in their self-regulation, all children can be helped to identify their own ways of learning – metacognition – which will include strategies of planning, monitoring, evaluation, and choice of what to learn. Emotional awareness is also part of metacognition, so children should be helped to be aware of their feelings around the area to be learned, feelings of curiosity or confidence, for example.” 两句中“Emotional awareness is also part of metacognition,…”最核心能够体现并列的also，轻松得出答案应为emotional awareness。

　　示例二：Summary Completion中的并列关系

　　真题来源为Cambridge 7 Test 2 Passage 2，题目标题是 The True Cost of Food

　　Complete the summary below.

　　Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

　　Write your answers in boxes 22-26 on your answer sheet.

　　Professor Pretty concludes that our 22_______are higher than most people realise, because we make three different types of payment. He feels it is realistic to suggest that Britain should reduce its reliance on 23_______. Although most farmers would be unable to adapt to 24_______. Professor Pretty wants the government to initiate change by establishing what he refers to as a 25 _______. He feels this would help to change the attitudes of both 26 _______ and _______.

　　解析：

　　在26题中，通过审题，可以意识到的是“both _______and_________” 是需要体现两项关系并列的，而且因为前文有“attitudes of” 那就意味着，其实空格处最佳的答案应该是表示人的。于是，带着这样的分析思路回到原文的G段落中“Such a standard would comprise agreed practices for different kinds of farming, covering agrochemical use, soil health, land management, water and energy use, food safety and animal health. It could go a long way, he says, to shifting consumers as well as farmers towards a more sustainable system of agriculture.” 阅读到这一部分的时候，带着并列结构的寻找思路，不难找到常见并列结构表达“…as well as…”的出现，那么答案轻轻松松确定为consumers, farmers。

　　怎么样?把握好并列结构之后，做起填空是不是又快又好?当然，看完以上习题之后，很多同学会感觉到填空中的并列关系有很多，就开始想另一个问题--选择题目中有类似的并列关系么?其实，确实选择也会有的。下面一个判断题目的示例就留给广大考生们自己思考思考吧!

　　示例三：

　　真题来源为Cambridge 9 Test 1 Passage 1，题目标题是 William Henry Perkin

　　Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

　　In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write

　　TRUE if the statement agrees with the information given in the text.

　　FALSE if the statement contradicts the information.

　　NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this.

　　4 Perkin was still young when he made the discovery that made him rich and famous.

　　总之，根据之前的种种例证与分析来看，如果忽略掉雅思真题题型的差异，而从逻辑考点的角度进行切入，就会发现相同的逻辑考点通常能够显现出一样的考题思路。而一样的考题思路也就同时意味着解题策略也可以从一样的视角进行切入。简而言之，通过利用逻辑要点的思维，我们鼓励考生们可以尝试透过变化万千的考题现象看到雅思考题背后所体现出的以不变应万变。如果说填空和判断是基础题目的大头，那么掌握好这些题目中长出现的并列关系应对就应该是对于5.5分-6分得分来说非常关键的。祝大家备考顺利!